Chemistry Abbreviations Starting with the Letter T

Chemistry abbreviations and acronyms are common in all fields of science. This collection offers common abbreviations and acronyms beginning with the letter T used in chemistry and chemical engineering. Abbreviations and Acronyms Starting With T T: Period of a waveT: Tera prefixT: Thyminet: timeT: TritiumTa: TantalumTaC: Tantalum CarbideTAC: Tri acetyl CelluloseTAG: TriAcylGlyceridetan: tangentTAN: Total Acid NumberTAS: Total Analysis SystemTAS: Total Alkali versus SilicaTAT: TriAcetone TriperoxideTb: TerbiumTBA: TertButylArsineTBA: 2,4,6-TriBromoAnisoleTBP: True Boiling PointTBC: 4-TertButylCatecholTBT: TriButylTinTBHQ: TertButylHydroQuinoneTc: TechnitiumTC: Temperature CompensatedTC: Temperature ControlledTC: Theoretical ChemistryTc: Critical TemperatureTCA: TauroCholic AcidTCA: TCA cycle (citric acid cycle)TCA: TriChloroAcetic AcidTCE: TriChloroEthaneTCF: ThiolCarbon FiberTCM: TetraChloromethaneTCP: Thermal Conversion ProcessTCP: TocopherolTCP: TriCalcium PhosphateTCP: TriChloroPhenolTCP: 1,2,3-TriChloropropaneTCS: Toxic Chemical SystemTCT: ToCoTrienolTCV: Temperature Control ValveTCVF: Two Chamber Vacuum FurnaceTD: Temperature DisplacementTD: Thermal DepositionTDA: Thermal Dilatometric AnalysisTDC: Three Degrees Centigra deTDG: ThymineDNA GlycosylaseTDI: Tolerable Daily IntakeTDI: Toluene DiIsonateTDO: Tryptophan 2,3-DiOxygenaseTDP: Thermal DePolymerizationTDP: Thymidine DiPhosphateTDP: Thiamine DiPhosphateTe: TelluriumTEA: Terminal Electron AcceptorTEC: Thermal Electric CoolerTEL: Tetra Ethyl LeadTFM: Total Fatty MatterTh: ThoriumTHC: Tetra Hydra CannabinolTHM: TriHaloMethanes TI - Thermal IndexTi: TitaniumTIC: Total Ion CurrentTIMS: Thermal Ionization Mass SpectroscopyTIP: TrisIsopropyl PhenylTl: ThalliumTLC: Thin Layer ChromatographyTLV: Toxic Level ValueTm: ThuliumTM: Transition MetalTMD: Theoretical Maximum DensityTMG: TriMethylGlycineTMMA: TetraMethylMalonAmideTMP: TriMethylPhosphateTMS: TriMethylSilaneTNB: TriNitroBenzeneTNT: TriNitroTolueneTNS: Test No EtherTOBSY: Total ThroughBond Correlation SpectroscopyTOC: Total Organic CarbonTOI: Table Of IsotopesTON: Table Of NuclidesTOX: ToxicTP: Triple PointTP: Transition PointTPE: Thermoplastic ElastomerTPM: Total Particulate MatterTR: Table RowTRAP : Tartrate Resistant Acid PhosphataseTRFM: Time-Resolved Fluorescence MicroscopyTRP: TryptophanTS: Temperature SensitiveTSCB: TriSilaCycloButaneTSP: Thermally Stable PolycrystallineTSP: TriSodium PhosphateTSPM: Total Suspended Particulate MatterTSS: Total Soluble SolidsTST: Transitional State TheoryTT: Test TubeTTC: Triphenyl Tetrazolium ChlorideTTFD: Thiamine TetraHydroFurfurylDisulfideTTLC: Total Threshold Limit ConcentrationTTO: Total Toxic OrganicsTTP: Thymine TriPhosphateTTX: TetrodotoxinTU: Thermally UnboundTWMC: Time-Weighted Mean ConcentrationTWV: Total Water Vapor

The First Human Papillomavirus ( Hpv ) Vaccine - 971 Words

Marilena Danelon 2015-07-21 Gardasil, the first human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine, was approved by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) in June 2006. Within a year, 41 states would make legislation relating to the HPV vaccine, and 24 states mandated the vaccine for 6th-grade girls. The â€Å"remarkable burst† of legislation led researchers to ask what role manufacturers played in school mandates, and what level of manufacturer involvement in vaccine policy was appropriate. In their paper â€Å"Pharmaceutical Companies’ Role in State Vaccination Policymaking: The Case of Human Papillomavirus Vaccination,† Michelle M. Mello et al. argue that pharmaceutical company Merck Co Inc. promoted school-entry legislation of their HPV vaccine Gardasil in an aggressive and nontransparent manner. They argue that manufacturer involvement in uptake legislation â€Å"risks undermining the prospects for legislation to foster uptake of new vaccines.† Merck served as a main information source to legislators and health department officials regarding Gardasil. Merck believes that being an information source does not jeopardize the â€Å"independent decision-making by policymakers.† Merck also directly and proactively contacted legislators, company employees, local political consultants, prominent physicals, or public relation firms in order to â€Å"discuss strategies to maximize the uptake of Gardasil.† Merck’s lobbying efforts were primarily focused on school-entry mandates. In Texas, after the governorShow MoreRelatedThe Common Sexually Transmitted Infections1539 Words   |  7 PagesThe human papillomavirus is one of the most common sexually transmitted infections in the United States. The human papillomavirus dates back to the nineteen hundred. Scientists did not know why people who had sexually transmitted infections also had cancer. It was not until the nineteen-eighties, that scientist discovered tha t the human papilloma virus may cause cancer (Preventing Cervical Cancer).The human papillomavirus is known to cause genital warts and cancer in both men and women. In the yearRead MoreInformative Essay on Hpv1566 Words   |  7 PagesHuman Papillomavirus (HPV) Testing What is the Human Papillomavirus? Commonly known as HPV, it is an infection that spreads through sexual contact. There are over one hundred different types of HPV; several types cause genital warts, while other high risk strands can lead to cancer of the cervix, anus, vagina, and penis. Because HPV is often asymptomatic, many people are unaware of their infection status, and thus, their potential for transmitting the virus to a sexual partner. The significanceRead MoreTaking a Look at the Human Papillomavirus953 Words   |  4 Pagesthere has yet been a cure found for the disease. Human papillomavirus (HPV) is a pathogen that can cause cancer. HPV is one of the few cancer causing pathogens that has a vaccination that is already being administered to the general public. The administering of this vaccine would prevent millions of people from becoming infected. Each year about 14 million men and women are infected with the human papillomavirus, though many could be prevented. HPV is a widely contractible virus that can yield cancerousRead MoreThe Importance Of Penile Cancer1458 Words   |  6 Pagescurrently infected with a strand of Human Papillomavirus (HPV), and that 14 million Americans become infected annually (CDC HPV Questions and Answers, 2016). Human Papillomavirus can cause penile cancer in men, cancer of the vulva, vagina or cervix in females, and esophageal, oropharyngeal, and anal cancers in both men and women (CDC HPV Questions and Answers, 2016). Consequently, 27 million Americans annually are diagnosed with cancer from HPV (CD11.7C What Is HPV, 2016). The morbidity and mortalityRead MoreThe Human Papillomavirus And Its Effects On The United States1561 Words   |  7 PagesThe human papillomavirus remains one of the highest common sexually transmitted infections in the United States. The human papillomavirus dates back to the nineteen hundreds. Scientists during the nineteen hundreds did not comprehend on why people who had sexually transmitted i nfections also had cancer. It was not until the nineteen-eighties, that a scientist discovered that the human papilloma virus caused cancer (Preventing Cervical Cancer). Moreover the human papillomavirus causes genital wartsRead MoreThe Human Papillomavirus (HPV) Vaccine Essay example1585 Words   |  7 PagesThe Human Papillomavirus (HPV) Vaccine The unforgettable story of vaccines is a story of triumph and controversy. The saddest part of the story is persistent ignorance and a lack of education, comingled with the personal need of some parents to explain away the problems of their children, have caused the controversy to arise. The good news is that the triumphant reality of vaccines as a whole is still the larger enduring legacy. The human papillomavirus vaccine is not an exception to this rule;Read MoreThe Issue Of Immunization Is A Source For Gathering Health Information944 Words   |  4 PagesThe circulation of information on the internet contributes to the array of controversy that surrounds human papillomavirus, the most common sexually transmitted infection worldwide. According to the Center for Disease Control and Prevention, the virus â€Å"is so common that nearly all sexually active men and women get it at some point in their lives.† Human papillomavirus, better known as simply HPV, has close to forty s trains, which can lead to warts or the development of cancer. A study conducted byRead MoreIs The Vaccine Safe?1300 Words   |  6 Pagesaround the world in their lifetime. (Immunization, Vaccines and Biologicals, 2010) This is not diabetes, heart disease or Alzheimer’s but actually is a virus called HPV or Human papillomavirus. There is a way for people to protect themselves from this virus with the HPV vaccine. Many people have questions about this vaccine, like who should get it? Why should people so young be getting something that is known to be transmitted sexually? Is the vaccine safe? Is it effective? Or how does it work to protectRead MoreA Human Papillomavirus Vaccine1591 Words   |  7 Pagesasil: A human papillomavirus vaccine [GENERAL INTRODUCTION] The modern world is considerably lucky in the fact that vaccinations have been created and made readily available thanks to Edward Jenner and his development of the first vaccine for smallpox in 1796. Since the 18th century, there have been about fifty different vaccines created to protect humans against bacterial and viral diseases. A vaccine is a substance that can be administered through needle injections, by mouth, or by aerosol toRead MoreThe Common Sexually Transmitted Infections Essay1133 Words   |  5 PagesHPV is the most common sexually transmitted infection (STI). This might be the reason why the pharmaceutical company Merck Co. has invested time on making sure that the country is aware of HPV. Merck Co has a few commercial about HPV and getting vaccinated. As a matter of fact the most sexual active men and women will get at least one type of HPV at some point in their lives. People have known about the Human Papillomavirus since 1956 because a group of scientist disc overed it. However, it was

Global Prevalence Of Hypertension Health And Social Care Essay Free Essays

string(182) " a 3 mmHg decrease in systolic Blood force per unit area would take to an 8 % decrease in stroke mortality rate and a 5 % decrease in mortality rate due to coronary arteria disease\." High blood pressure is a major contributing factor for cardiovascular disease. WHO report ( 2002 ) showed that India may be the largest cardiovascular disease load in the universe by the twelvemonth 2020. WHO report in India 2005 stated that prevalence of high blood pressure was increased by approximately 30 times among urban community people and by approximately 10 times among the rural community people. We will write a custom essay sample on Global Prevalence Of Hypertension Health And Social Care Essay or any similar topic only for you Order Now Many causes might hold contributed to this lifting tendency such as lifestyle alteration, alteration in diet and stress, increased population and unemployment have been implicated. High blood pressure is a â€Å" ignored disease, † harmonizing to a study released by the Institute of Medicine ( IOM ) . Despite high blood force per unit area being the cause of decease in one of six grownups and the greatest individual hazard factor for decease from cardiovascular disease, 1000000s of people are developing, populating with, and deceasing from high blood pressure. The decennary from 1995 to 2005 saw a 25 % addition in the decease rate from high blood force per unit area, the study notes. The Institute of Medicine study besides highlighted the fiscal barriers to take downing blood force per unit area. Surveies have shown that the cost of medicines to patients is significantly related to patient attachment ; this is particularly apparent in patients with low income, chronic unwellness, and multiple prescriptions. Kalavathy et al. , ( 2000 ) High blood pressure is one of the major community wellness job in India. This one found from several Indian urban and rural studies. More surveies shows a prevalence rate of high blood pressure among urban population runing from 1 % in 1949 to 36 % in 2003 and for rural people from 1.97 % in 1958 to 20.2 % in 1994. Determining the degree of high blood pressure and besides differing age groups representing the survey population so the rates are different. Developed states with a more aging group will be expected to hold a higher prevalence of high blood pressure than a underdeveloped state with a younger group such as India, but some surveies, which have documented a high prevalence rate of high blood pressure in developing states. Few late conducted studies from Western India shows high prevalence of systolic high blood pressure at old age groups ( bulk in age group of 70 old ages ) , among Kerallite 51.8 % from South India and Assamese 63.63 % .Every twelvemonth about 5.3 hundred thousand Indians dice of high blood pressure related coronary disease. It has been found from in a survey Northen india that the incidence of high blood pressure increased from 3.98 % in 1963 to 26.78 % in 2000 among work forces while the incidence of high blood pressure increased from 6.67 % to 27.65 % among adult females. Systolic high blood pressure has been considered to be one of the most of import causes of morbidity and mortality taking to major diseases like shot, cardiovascular and nephritic diseases. Urban survey in India had shown a more per centum of population in the pre high blood pressure phase. Excess competition in academic field is one of the emphasis for the younger people in India and besides unemployment. Number of surveies have already explained that the relationship between Blood force per unit area and hazard of bosom diseases. Pre hypertensives have more opportunity to travel into phases of high blood pressure. Hence it is besides possible that the immature stressed people with prehypertensives degree of blood force per unit areas may be at hazard factor to develop bosom diseases. This survey accent on two demands such as sleep and command blood force per unit area. Adequate slumber is indispensable demands for human existences.The human being needs remainder A ; slumber to conserve energy and good being, prevent weariness, supply organ to reprieve and alleviate tenseness. Sleep want consequence in a lessening in organic structure temperature, a lessening in immune system map. If sleep continues over a longer clip it increases the hazard of more serious wellness jobs such as weakened immune system, diabetes mellitus, depression, high blood force per unit area and fleshiness. There are place remedial steps to better slumber such as utilizing comfort devices, devouring warm milk, reading narrative book and by supplying good airing. Non pharmacological intercessions to take down blood force per unit area There is turning grounds that non pharmacological intercessions lower high blood force per unit area. These intercessions are non dearly-won and are by and large good in advancing good wellness. They besides help in cut downing the cardiovascular hazard factors with a small cost. ( Joyce M. Black ) Indian Medical Association 2001 study â€Å" In pull offing high blood pressure, antihypertensive drugs have of import function, but focal point may be directed towards some lifestyle alterations † . Dietary alteration, physical activities may act upon the minimize of Blood force per unit area. Body weight decrease, less alcohol consumption, limitation of salt and besides K, Ca supplementation can better the procedure of take downing Blood force per unit area. Fiber rich diet either and low Na could cut down the Blood force per unit area by about 5 millimeters Hg among high blood pressure clients. Other than this, behavioural alterations like halt smoke, regular exercisings, relaxation therapies like yoga, etc, have good consequence on high blood pressure clients. The consequence of lifestyle alterations may forestall a demand of drug direction for high blood pressure. For this all hypertensive clients should be tried ab initio one or more of the lifestyle alterations. Gupta 1997 recommends progressive relaxation, deep external respiration exercising and yoga may assist to cut down the blood force per unit area. TK Luqman -Arafath study 2002 shows that the mortality rate from both Ishemic bosom disease and stroke doubles while every 20 mmHg systolic or 10 mmHg diastolic rise in Blood force per unit area. In fact, even minimal decrease in Blood force per unit area among the general population could decidedly cut down cardiovascular events. For illustration, a 3 mmHg decrease in systolic Blood force per unit area would take to an 8 % decrease in stroke mortality rate and a 5 % decrease in mortality rate due to coronary arteria disease. You read "Global Prevalence Of Hypertension Health And Social Care Essay" in category "Essay examples" There has been increasing of import gives to the preventative steps like regular exercisings, express joying combined with speculation, less ingestion of intoxicant, cut down the consumption of Na and the Dietary alterations to take down the Hypertension rate. Many literatures reveal that laughter therapy helps in cut downing the blood force per unit area. Laughter promises a utile attack to intervention of high blood pressure. Systematic instruction of laughter therapy exert a positive influence on a client with hypertensive reduces blood force per unit area. The Benefits of laughter therapy Laughter therapy is an first-class type of exercising.The laughter therapy has three types, in the first type, one laughs freely and aloud with unfastened oral cavity, in the 2nd type, one laughs without any sound with closed oral cavity and in the 3rd type, one pours out loud effusions of laughter through the pharynx like neighing of Equus caballus. A figure of research surveies reveals that laughter has many wellness benefits. During the thirteenth century Surgeons used wit to deflect patients from hurting entirely. Later, in the twentieth century, came the scientific survey of the consequence of laughter on overall wellness. Harmonizing to Kay Herth ( 1984 ) laughter as a emphasis fellow. Laughter has a built in equilibrating mechanism that encourages two measure action of stimulation and relaxation due to let go of of chemicals adrenaline and nor epinephrine. This reduces anxiousness, tenseness and depression. Therefore, it helps in extenuating several serious diseases such as high blood pressure, bosom disease, diabetes, anxiousness, insomnia etc. Fry states that laughter is a good aerobic exercising. He says that 100 laugh a twenty-four hours is equal to 10 proceedingss rowing or jogging. Berk, Tan, Fry et Al ( 1997 ) reported drawn-out emphasis creates unhealthy physiological alterations and Stress causes the adrenal secretory organs to let go of corticoids and emphasis endocrine alterations during gay laughter. In a survey at Canada ‘s University of Waterloo documented that laughter additions degree of immunoglobulin IgG and IgM and concludes that laughter consequences in improved unsusceptibility. Cognetal ( diary of behavior medical specialty ( 1997 ) has reported the ability of laughter to let go of musculus tenseness and helps to let go of neuropeptides which are organic structure ‘s natural hurting stamp downing agents. Therefore, laughter has multi drawn-out attack for the alleviation of hurting, in painful conditions such as arthritis, spondylitis, etc. Lloyd ( 1990 ) showed that laughter is a combination of deep inspiration and full halitus animating first-class airing and fantastic remainder.Thus laughter additions lung capacity and oxygenation.This would profit patients with lung diseases such as bronchitis, bronchial asthma. The findings of Dr.Lee Berk and Dr.Stanle ( 1999 ) during their more than 10 old ages research on laughter addition the figure of ‘activated ‘ T cells and increases the degrees of gamma interferon, a lymphokine that activates many immune constituents. Need FOR THE STUDY Coronary events such as a â€Å" bosom onslaught † are still the most common consequence of high blood pressure. Increased blood force per unit area is related to increased badness of coronary artery disease, shot, neuropathy, peripheral vascular diseases, aortal aneurism, and bosom failure. About all people with bosom failure have antecedent high blood pressure. If high blood pressure is left untreated, about half of hypertensive clients will decease of bosom disease, a 3rd will decease of shot, and the staying 10 % to 15 % will decease of a nephritic failure. High blood pressure is besides a â€Å" soundless factor † in the etiology of many deceases attributed to stroke or bosom onslaughts. These upseting tendencies indicate the demand for renewed energy in the conflict against high blood pressure. Hypertension related morbidity and mortality will non diminish until suppliers appreciate the demand for alterations in bing intervention protocols.Now chiefly bar focused and strongly urge usage of non pharmaceutical steps to forestall and handle high blood pressure. ( Joyce m.black, 2001 ) Harmonizing to Indian Express Bureau ( 2004 ) one in every 10 Indian suffer from high blood force per unit area.Now a yearss antihypertensive drugs are available to command blood force per unit area.These drugs have their ain side effects and are expensive. Non conformity to medicine is really common among hypertensive patients due to assorted grounds. Antihypertensive medicines entirely can non command blood force per unit area, physiological relaxation is really of import for keeping blood force per unit area. The research worker observed that most of the hypertensive patients had unequal cognition about significance, hazard factors, marks and symptoms sing high blood pressure and its related complications. The hypertensive patients do non follow the non pharmacological steps like exercising, emphasis cut downing activities like yoga and turning away of diet which contains more cholesterin. These patterns are non adopted by bulk of the patients largely because of unknowingness and deficiency of accent by the wellness suppliers. Sushil Bhatia, the editor of Lorvani ( 2004 ) , province that express joying combined with speculation, harmonises all our sense organs in a minute of entire concentration and brings equilibrium to mind, organic structure and external respiration which are like three bases of a rope. Peoples utilizing this therapy experience dramatic alleviation from upsets such as depression, migrane and high blood pressure. American Journal of Medical Science reported that emphasis endocrine alterations during gay laughter. The research worker during her clinical exposure in the community has observed that many older people are enduring from high blood pressure. Some hypertensive people are taking medicines, some are non taking medicine on a regular basis. Those hypertensive patients do non follow the non pharmacological steps like exercising and speculation. Based on the information showed on prevalence of high blood pressure, research worker recognized the demand for learning laughter therapy to the hypertensive people in this selected rural community. Therefore this survey was undertaken to measure the consequence of laughter therapy on blood force per unit area and slumber among patients with high blood pressure. STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM A survey to measure the consequence of laughter therapy on blood force per unit area and slumber among patients with high blood pressure in a selected rural community at Coimbatore. AIM OF THE STUDY The chief purpose of the survey is to find whether laughter therapy makes a important difference in blood force per unit area and slumber among hypertensive patients in comparing with the non receiving systems of laughter therapy. Specific OBJECTIVES The specific aims of the survey are 1. To find the degree of blood force per unit area in the experimental and control group before and after laughter therapy. 2. To find quality of slumber reported by the sample in the experimental and control group before and after laughter therapy. 3. To find the association of blood force per unit area and slumber with demographic variables such as business, exercising and diet. Hypothesis H1: There will be important difference in average systolic and diastolic blood force per unit area before and after intercession in experimental group. H2: There will be important difference in average systolic and diastolic blood force per unit area of the experimental and control group after intercession. H3: There will be important difference in average mark of slumber before and after intercession in experimental group. H4: There will be important difference in average sleep mark of the experimental and control group after intercession. OPERATIONAL DEFINITION 1. Blood force per unit area It refers to the force per unit area of the blood within the arterias of the organic structure.When the ventricle of bosom contracts, blood is forced out into the aorta and travels through the largest arterias to the smallest arterias, arteriolas and capillaries. The pulsing extends from the bosom through the arterias and disappears in the arteriolas. The pulsing is measured by utilizing a sphygmomanometer and is expressed in millimeter of Hg. a ) Systolic blood force per unit area It is the maximal grade of force per unit area exerted by the blood against the wall of the blood vass during the ventricular contraction when the left ventricle is coercing the blood into the aorta. The first sound is called systolic blood force per unit area. B ) Diastolic blood force per unit area This is the lowest force per unit area that occurs when the bosom is in the resting period merely before the contraction of the left ventricle. The 2nd sound is called diastolic blood force per unit area. 2. High blood pressure It is defined as relentless lift of the systolic blood force per unit area and diastolic blood force per unit area from the normal degree. Normal blood force per unit area: 120/80 millimeter of Hg. 3 STAGES OF HYPERTENSION Systolic blood force per unit area Diastolic blood force per unit area Level of blood 120 – 139mm of Hg. 80 – 89 millimeter of Hg pre high blood pressure 140 – 159 millimeter of Hg 90 – 99 millimeter of Hg phase I hypertension gt ; 160 millimeter of Hg gt ; 100 millimeter of Hg phase II high blood pressure 3. Sleep Sleep is a province of remainder in which the nervous system is inactive, the eyes are closed, the musculuss are relaxed and the head is unconscious. The features of slumber can be verbalized by the individual who experiences the slumber. In this survey the self study of slumber is measured on a sleep graduated table. 4. LAUGHTER THERAPY The laughter therapy is an first-class type of exercising which control blood force per unit area by cut downing the release of emphasis related endocrines and brings about relaxation. Premise 1. High blood pressure is more common among grownups than adolescent age group. 2. Blood force per unit area can be kept in control by medicine and lifestyle alteration. 3. Laughter could give alleviation from physical or mental emphasiss. Boundary line 1. The survey is limited to one community. 2. The survey is delimited to patients within the age group of 40 to 60 old ages. Scope OF THE STUDY The degrees of blood force per unit area and slumber are measured in hypertensive patients before and after intervention.If there is a important decrease in the blood force per unit area and positive result in the features of slumber of experimental group of sample, it is a clear effectivity of laughter therapy. Teaching laughter therapy is simple and it can be practiced easy. If the topics are able to execute this therapy without any trouble, this intercession is acceptable, it is clear indicant of the public-service corporation value of laughter therapy for hypertensive patients.The findings will be good to wellness patterns to actuate hypertensive patients and patients on antihypertensive drugs to command and keep their blood force per unit area at normal degree. CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK A conceptual theoretical account can be defined as a set of constructs and those premises that integrate them into a meaningful constellation ( Fewett,1980 ) . The development of a construct was theoretical account is a cardinal procedure required before carry oning existent research.The model influences each province of research procedure. The conceptual model in nursing research can assist to supply a clear concise thought of cognition in the country. Conceptual frame work for this survey was a nursing procedure theoretical account based on Dorothy.E.Johnson ‘s behavioral system theory ( 1980 ) . Harmonizing to Johnson, nursing positions the person as a set of interrelated or mutualist parts working as an incorporate whole. Johnson identified seven subsystems. The subsystems are affliative, aggressive, dependence, eliminative, ingestive, renewing, and sexual. These subsystems carry out particular map for the system as a whole. Disturbance in any of the system normally affects the other. The stairss of the nursing procedure are incorporated with the Dorothy E. Johnson ‘s theoretical account. Nursing procedure is a deliberate activity where the pattern of nursing is performed in a systematic order. Johnson presents a three measure nursing procedure, the stairss are entitled nursing diagnosing which parallel the appraisal and diagnosing stage, the 2nd measure nursing end peers to the execution and 3rd measure is rating. This survey focused on kids and the dependence system which is one among the subsystems which result in blessing, attending, acknowledgment, and physical a id. Appraisal Appraisal is the procedure of roll uping informations sing each subsystem. Data on demographic profile ( age, instruction, business, income, nutrient and exercising wonts, history of antihypertensive medicines ) was collected. Diagnosis Through appraisal from the subsystem jobs are identified and diagnosing is made and it provides footing for nursing intercession. In this survey the informations collected through observation of blood force per unit area and utilizing interview agenda. The diagnosing is made and categorized into prehypertension, phase I hypertension and stage II high blood pressure. Nursing ends After diagnosing is made the end is to keep or reconstruct the individual ‘s behaviour system balance, and stableness through planning intercessions. In this survey the end is to cut down blood force per unit area and to advance slumber. Intervention Nursing activity is an external regulative force assists the individual to recover equilibrium. In this survey the nursing activity is to learn the laughter therapy techniques to the experimental group for a period of clip to convey alteration in the blood force per unit area and slumber. Evaluation Evaluation refers to look intoing the subsystem identified as debatable for balance and overall system stableness. In this survey the research worker compared the experimental group with the control group by utilizing the observation of blood force per unit area and self report quality of slumber given by sample. Figure -1 Highlights the conceptual model on modified nursing procedure based on Dorothy E. Johnson Behavioural System Model. Bellert, ( 1989 ) . Wit: A Curative Approach in Oncology Nursing. † Cancer Nursing,65-70. Brooks et.al. ( 1999 ) . Curative Humor.International Journal of Humor Research, 151-160. Buckwalter et.al. ( 1995 ) . The Humor and Individuality of Persons with high blood pressure. Journal of Gerontology Nursing,11-16. Erdman and Lynn. ( 1993 ) . Laughter Therapy for Patients with Cancer. Journal of Psychosocial Oncology, 55-67. Ferguson, Stephanie, et. Al. ( 1989 ) . Wit in Nursing. Journal of Psychosocial Nursing, 29-34. Galloway. ( 1999 ) . Benefits of Humor.International Journal of Humor Research, 301-314. Mallett and Jane. ( 1993 ) . Use of Humor and Laughter in Patient Care. † British Journal of Nursing,172-175. Matz and A. Brown ( 1998 ) , â€Å" Humor and Pain Management. † Journal of Holistic Nursing. : 68-75. ONLINE REFERENCE Enda junkins ( 2007 ) .The power of laughter retrieved from hypertext transfer protocol: //laughter therapy.webs.com. Gita Suraj Narayan ( 2009 ) .Laughter is a powerful signifier of complementary Medicinretrievedfrom hypertext transfer protocol: //www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/146449.php Gasto, R.Lack of slumber linked to increased hazard of high blood pressure.Archives of geriatrics and geriatrics:30 ( 1 ) :7-15.Retrieved from hypertext transfer protocol: //www.medscape.com. John, tungsten ( 2004 ) .Non-pharmacological intercession of high blood pressure retrieved from hypertext transfer protocol: //www.science direct.com/science. Kazuo Murakami ( 2001 ) .Laughter therapy retrieved from hypertext transfer protocol: //copperwiki.org. Kazuo Murakami ( 2001 ) Laughter Cuts Health Costs retrieved from hypertext transfer protocol: //www.averagemiracles.org. How to cite Global Prevalence Of Hypertension Health And Social Care Essay, Essay examples

Identifications and Preventions of Ethical Breakdowns

Question: Discuss the favoritism policy, corporate corruptions, recognizing the Slippery Slope and prevention of ethical breakdowns? Answer: Introduction The ethical breakdown is considering the effective maintaining of responsibilities by the employees and other internal stakeholders. Moon (2012) stated that the responsibilities maintaining is the key to contribute success, values, visions to the organization. The ethical standards provide the justification about the rights and the wrongs regarding the value sharing of the organizations, which enhances the productivity as well as the profitability of the organization and work as a driving forces for leading towards success. The essay will be reflecting the different steps concerning the ethical breakdowns and the process of preventing them for the development of the companies. This is even subject to develop both the personal and the professional skills of the employees working together under the same organization. The Favoritism Policy For considering the business ethics, it is very much important to maintain the standards with the proper implication of the moral developments. Tolchin Tolchin (2011) suggested that in churches, school or work, it is required to maintain the ethical behavior for bringing the progressive attitude. It has been seen in todays date, the practices on media, televisions and other related sources have been indulged into unethical implications. Even in the business organizations, the act of favoritism also portrays the unethical concerns more specifically. For example, the management of the business sometimes faces several troubles while favoring any particular group, team or person. The problem arises mostly when the other teams or groups are aware of this favoritism policy. Campbell (2014) mentioned that it can be named as circle of influence, while on the other hand, a group of people considered it as untouchable group. Corporate Corruptions Friedland (2012) explained that the business managements are more likely maintaining the business ethics for making the progressive approaches for the business organizations. However, some of the business corruptions have spread out in wider way. Some of the leaders get special preferences direct form the top management, which affects the work performance of the employees. Some of the leaders even are so biased that they do not even keep eyes on the rules maintaining of the employees considering the ethical standards. The corporate corruptions have become much prominent in few more business cases. For example, in the year of 1970, the car production company by Ford Pinto faced such accident for the collision of leaked fuel, which exploded into flames. Many people were killed as well as injured without being recalled for the correction. The further investigation on such cases revealed the direct competitions with Volkswagen and other several cars manufacturing companies, Ford had to r ush in indulging the poor material in manufacturing such automobile products. This was the callousness, dishonesty and greed of the leaders of Ford, which harmed many peoples lives. Recognizing the Slippery Slope In most of the cases, the management leaders fail to recognize the gradual erosion of the employees ethical standards. Miller (2012) opined that this leads the organization towards the increasing level of the major infractions and in most of the cases, it gives the rise to the violations. For example, the accountant of a large organization is assigned with the entire auditing purposes and has to present the financial statements. They can approve the high estimate in accordance with their profits. On the other hand, as mentioned by O'Leary (2014), the act of exaggerated increment of the estimation, they can be charged $5. In such cases, the changes in slippery slope make them blind and lead them towards dishonesty of increasing the estimation. Prevention of Ethical Breakdowns According to Tolchin Tolchin (2011), such closeness to the top management can create the internal conflicts among the employees since the management is treating not everyone equally. The differentiation in building the transparent relationship between the management and the employees give rise to the unethical behavior within the business scenario. Therefore, for preventing such breakdown of ethical behavior, the management of the organization needs to take the initiative and needs to maintain the equality (Friedland, 2012). The proper training session regarding the business ethics can also prevent the act of disobeying the ethical standards. The necessity of maintaining the ethical standards can assure the personal and professional skills development and lead the employees acquiring the honest approaches while working under the organizations. Conclusion It may be concluded by considering the essential approaches of the ethical behavior maintaining in workplaces, schools and other institutes. The corporate corruptions, favoritism policy, slippery slope recognition can be prevented by considering the maintenance of ethical standards and both the management and the employees are expected to follow the rules accordingly. References Moon, C. (2012). Business ethics. London: Economist. Tolchin, M., Tolchin, S. (2011). Pinstripe patronage. Boulder, Colo.: Paradigm Publishers. Campbell, E. (2014). Breakdown of Moral Judgment*.Ethics,124(3), 447-480. doi:10.1086/674845 Friedland, J. (2012). Beyond Empiricism: Realizing the Ethical Mission of Management.Business And Society Review,117(3), 329-356. doi:10.1111/j.1467-8594.2012.00409.x Miller, K. (2012). Is Ethical Behavior Good for Business?.IT Professional,14(1), 10-11. doi:10.1109/mitp.2012.11 O'Leary, M. (2014). Work identification and responsibility in moral breakdown.Bus Ethics Eur Rev,24(3), 237-251. doi:10.1111/beer.12072

Long

Table of Contents Long-Term Care Insurance Medicare Medicaid Continuing Care Retirement Community (CCRC) References Long-Term Care Insurance Coverage varies widely depending on the provider and the needs of the customer. In addition, different states have different home care and assisted living facilities and these vary the cost of the long-term care insurance.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Long-Term Care Insurance specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More These include home care, living assistance, and daycare for adults. The long term insurance packages also contain tax benefits such that the beneficiary does not need to pay tax on the payments received (Health and Human Services Paying For Long-Term Care, 2010). Beneficiaries obtain financial coverage of long-term care. The long-term care insurance allows one to make use of their savings and life insurance for other purposes. Under the federal program members ben efit from a group rate lower than individual payment rates. To qualify for long-term insurance, the purchaser should not have a preexisting medical condition. Anyone above 18 years may purchase long term insurance. Limitation may come in because purchase of long-term insurance from non-qualified companies jeopardizes ones benefits. Secondly, monthly premiums are expensive (All About Long Term Care, 2010). Medicare Medicare is a form of insurance. It exists in three forms namely Medicare as hospital insurance, Medicare as medical insurance and Medicare as prescription drug coverage. In addition, there are medical advantage plans provided by private companies. They encompass one or more of the other categories of Medicare. Medicare covers hospitalization bills, doctors’ fees and drug costs depending on the type of Medicare. Qualification for Medicare is only available to people above the age of 65. People with certain disabilities and falling below the age also qualify. The ben eficiary has to pay regularly for the program. Medicare limitation is that the financial compensation under Medicare may be insufficient to cover all long-term costs (Who pays for long-term Care?, 2010).Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Medicaid With Medicaid, the beneficiary receives long-term home care within their community or in a nursing home. With Medicaid, the beneficiary does not have to leave their home, instead they can ask for care provisions at home. Members must be earning low incomes and have limited resources to access Medicaid. Limitations for Medicaid are that the beneficiary can only access the service form a licensed facility for Medicaid. Moreover, the facility must have a capacity for caring for the patient (Center for Medicare Medicaid Services, 2010). Continuing Care Retirement Community (CCRC) Long-term costs are taken care by monthly fees and entry f ees. In addition, there is a centralized care within communities for all beneficiaries. Members get nursing services, healthcare services and social services. All members have access to assisted facilities and may live alone or in shared apartments. The requirements for CCRC include a provision that the beneficiary must be able to purchase the monthly payments for care. There is also an entry fee that is payable at the beginning of the contract period. On payment of extra fees, beneficiaries also get care in assisted facilities. However, this provision only exists in some CCRC programs. Otherwise, one automatically benefits from a lifetime contract after paying normal fees (Health and Human Services Paying For Long-Term Care, 2010). Limitations for CCRC are that continuing care has a high purchase price. The program also has an entry fee that might be non-refundable. Provisions vary with the type of CCRC with some having no provision for other long-term care costs. Thus, the benefic iary has to pay for extra care. The beneficiary has to relocate to an assisted facility or nursing home (Health and Human Services Paying For Long-Term Care, 2010). References All About Long Term Care. (2010). Web.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Long-Term Care Insurance specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Center for Medicare Medicaid Services. (2010). Web. Health and Human Services Paying For Long-Term Care. (2010). Web. Who Pays for Long-term Care? (2010). Web. This essay on Long-Term Care Insurance was written and submitted by user Arthur Figueroa to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

The Culture Example

The Culture Example The Culture – Term Paper Example Damoya Hall-Reid The Culture Cultural causes of poverty discussed in the article include immigration, alcohol consumption, immoral behavior drug dealing and prostitution, laziness, lack of hard work and inappropriate consumption (Battistoni 1). The structural factors that cause poverty includes lack of economic growth, increased unemployment, discrimination and separation of people based on their characteristics, globalization and loss of jobs, low paid wages and lack of educational opportunities.2. Blame the victim theory of poverty states that those who are poor should be held responsible for being poor because they indulge in activities due to which they continue to live in poverty. For example poor individuals are believed to be lazy and they do not work hard and due to this they remain poor. Blame the system theory of poverty states that it is the government that has caused poverty to exist as they fail to provide enough educational and employment opportunities to the poor. 3. T he term dependency culture states that individuals remain poor because they are too lazy to work hard and they depend on the social welfare opportunities offered by the government instead of taking up jobs. On the other hand the article states that individuals do not take up jobs and remain dependent on the government because there are not enough jobs and remaining dependent on the government is a way to cope with poverty. 4. Poverty can be decreased in United States if the government provides free or subsidized college and university level education to individuals belonging to poor family backgrounds. Furthermore, the government should even make sure that these poor individuals have access to job opportunities along with education so they can study and earn money at the same time to win bread and butter for their families. Battistoni, Alyssa. The â€Å"Culture Of Poverty† Myth Returns. Salon.com. N.p., 2010. Web. 16 Apr. 2015.

Security System in Reference to Immigration Essay

Security System in Reference to Immigration - Essay Example the INS for a Green Card or any other adjustment of status). Yet, after considerable review of the existing literature, consultation with scholars, policy makers, and security experts alike this author has come to the conclusion that because virtually every sort of immigration, i.e., refugee and sanctuary policy, the issuance of non-immigrant visas, and other temporary-stay provisions can potentially be exploited by terrorists, immigration policy in general should be framed in terms of security. Therefore, focusing on just one category such as student visas, or even temporary visas in general would be shortsighted. Rather, in light of September 11th all aspects of the immigration system, including the way visas are processed in overseas consulates, the handling of foreign citizens at ports of entry, policing the nation's borders, and enforcement of immigration laws within the European Union and the United States need to be transformed and strengthened in order to reduce the terrorist threat. No doubt, this presents a formidable challenge to the men and women who supply on the front-line such as border police, asylum and visa officers, immigration judges and national militaries. All these actors are forced to leave administrative decisions with limited information and often must be made in moments of crisis, involving highly charged national debates. This paper examines the contemporary (and newly emerging) challenge facing the member states of the European Union and the United States in protecting their borders against international terrorism while at the similar time acknowledging the veracity of large-scale immigration to these societies and protecting the rights of non-citizens. Close administrative cooperation at an... Atlanta, GA. When James Hollifield delivered this paper at the 1989 Annual Meeting of the American Political Science Association barely three months before the descend of the Berlin Wall he seemed to foretell the crisis situation which the member states of the European Union (at that time the European Community) and the United States would visage when coming to terms with the unprecedented international migration flows they experienced in the early 1990s. With the collapse of communism in Europe and the subsequent rise of irredentist and nationalist tendencies on a global scale, both Western Europe and the United States were faced with the challenge of sustained wide-scale migration flows into their territory throughout the early half of the decade. Accompanying these flows were highly charged national debates surrounding colonization which as Hollifield noted laid 7 bare and revealed "in pristine form the innermost workings of the political system and the key philosophical assumpti ons upon which the systems are based." it is surprising, however, is that despite the restrictionist climate of public opinion in both Western Europe and the United States, the 1990s has been the decade of immigration and one, which recast the racial and national composition now co

Summary Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 56

Summary - Essay Example He argued that population cannot grow rapidly due to several forces that hinder growth such as war, famine and various diseases. Additionally, he pointed out that most people control birth rates, while others engage in marriage at old ages. Disease, war and famine raise the death rates leading to the decrease of population while low birth rate and late marriages discourages population growth. According to Malthus population does not require to run out of food supply due to late marriages and birth control. He further explains that if these practices were not practiced, population would rapidly grow. Malthus claims that food is mainly necessary to support life thus encouraging population growth. He also explains that earth cannot produce food on its in great quantities unless labor and skills are exercised upon the earth’s surface. Malthus explained that God is capable of rising up plants of all kinds for his creation’s use without the assistance of labor or man’s attention. Â  Land preparation activities such as ploughing, and clearing of the land, sowing of seeds and other practices done by man for production are mainly necessary for enjoyment of life’s blessings. The practices arouse man in action and ensure that he reasons appropriately. Furthermore, Malthus claimed that due to the excitement of the blessing of life, and ability of man to provide food through cultivation of the earth, rapid population growth is being witnessed than food increase. According to the principle of population, man is considered slow, sluggish, inert and reluctant from labor. Generally, Malthus tries to enlighten people that population cannot increase exponentially due to low rates of food supply. He therefore elaborates that checks on population growth in most societies are preventive and others are positive. The positive checks raise death rates while preventive checks decrease population increase by lowering birth

The Effect of Media on Audience Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words - 1

The Effect of Media on Audience - Essay Example I will use the subject to the subject model in comparing how the two articles answer to the effect of video gaming to the individuals playing them and to the whole society at large. In the first article, most research studies show that playing anti-social video games for instance; violent ones lead to violent behaviors and aggression by the individuals who play such games. This is because in playing these video games, one is actively involved in it and hence will tend to behave in the manner in which he plays. Another reason is that individuals who play violent video games normally identify with the violent character and so they will also behave aggressively. The violent games also reward violent behaviors as those who are violent in playing are rewarded by points, are allowed to move to the next stage or through spoken praise for instance ‘Great shot!’ after murdering the opponent. This reward ensures there are increases in the frequency of violence. This is proven thro ugh a study in which boys were seen to be more aggressive after playing an intense video game. For instance, â€Å"In a study published in the Journal of Experimental Social Psychology this year, participants played either a violent or non-violent video game for 20 minutes per day over 3 days. After playing the game, they then played a competitive task in which, if they won, they could blast their opponent with an unpleasant noise. The researchers found that participants who played violent games blasted their opponents in the secondary task for longer, which was interpreted as an increase in aggressive behavior† (Silvia 54). According to Clay Routledge, a psychologist, if violent games can cause aggression and violent behavior then it goes without saying that prosocial video games such as tit for tat games can lead to prosocial behavior. Prosocial means behavior that will have positive effects on the society.

Role of the Midwife in Care Interventions

Role of the Midwife in Care Interventions Title: Discuss the following statement in relation to birth. Midwifery expertise is as much about knowing when not to interfere in the physiological process of pregnancy and birth as it is about recognising when and how to intervene in a way that will facilitate and enhance the womans ability to give birth. Essay Women have been giving birth throughout the ages. On the one hand this can be regarded as a normal physiological process which has evolved over the millennia to be a successful method of perpetuating the species and like most evolutionary honed processes, is likely to work well most of the time. On the other hand, as any experienced clinician knows well, any physiological process has the ability to malfunction. A large proportion of professional medical care in any field of medicine is to be able to recognise the normal variations and differentiate them from the abnormal. As a general rule it is only the abnormal that requires treatment or intervention. (Hunt T 1994) Hippocrates is reputed to have said that it is the first rule for a physician that â€Å"one should do no harm†. (Carrick P 2000). In a modern context, this often means â€Å"leave the normal alone† as the ability to produce iatrogenic complications is well known. (Halpern S D 2005) If we restrict ourselves to the consideration of the field of midwifery, the preceding statement can be well illustrated in the writings of Dr Ignaz Semmelweis who was horrified by the levels of puerperal fever that was killing nearly 40% of the pregnant women on his wards. (Semmelweis I P. 1861). Although he discovered the concept of asepsis from his observations, we note that on a simple level, the vast majority of the morbidity and mortality in this case was caused directly by the intervention of the healthcare professionals in what were otherwise normal pregnancies. On a matter of more immediate concern we can consider the issues relating to stress incontinence as being an excellent illustrative example of how midwives can elect to intervene during pregnancy and the birth process in order to facilitate not only the birth process but the whole area of potential morbidity surrounding maternity in general. Pregnancy itself is an independent variable risk factor for stress incontinence (Rortveit et al 2003). Although the midwife is not generally involved in the very early stages of pregnancy, there is good evidence that prenatal involvement in terms of preparation of the woman for the process of childbirth will reduce the incidence of stress incontinence post partum. (Reilly E T C et al. 2002). Instruction in the practice of antenatal pelvic floor exercises has been shown to reduce both the incidence and severity of pelvic floor damage during parturition (Salvesen et al. 2004) At the time of the delivery the midwife can make a number of interventions which will help to reduce the eventual morbidity including having the knowledge that a large birth weight baby is more likely to produce pelvic floor damage and will therefore be more likely to consider doing a prophylactic episiotomy to minimise the potential for pelvic floor damage. Equally, in the time prior to the actual delivery, her intervention to establish the lie and orientation of the baby will help to prevent malpresentations and the associated possibility of instrumentally assisted deliveries with the attendant possibility of resulting morbidity.(Norton C. 1996) Part of the acquisition of professional skill during training is to gain the knowledge which allows the ability not to intervene if the pregnancy and delivery are proceeding smoothly. Unnecessary intervention also has a more subtle downside in that it encourages dependence by the mother on the midwife. On an ethical dimension one can argue that this unnecessary dependence erodes the patient’s autonomy. (Coulter A. 2002). During pregnancy and birth, many women will find it all to easy to be subsumed by the medicalisation of the birth process. The professional midwife should be aware of this phenomenon and try to reduce its effect as far as possible. For many women, the midwife becomes the foremost trusted healthcare professional for the majority of her pregnancy and is the first point of contact with the medical establishment. The woman implicitly comes to trust the midwife’s professional status and believes that the midwife will do what is necessary but not what is unnecessary. The midwife’s professional status is therefore based ultimately on this premise, and a sound professional judgement based on a firm evidence base, is central to her abi lity to produce benefit when she decides that intervention is necessary. (Paine L L et al. 1999). An area where non-intervention is actively practiced is during the third stage of labour where the experienced midwife will observe and allow the fundus to contract rather than immediately intervene to deliver the placenta. There is a delicate line to be drawn between actively delivering the placenta too soon and thereby increasing the risk of uterine haemorrhage or uterine inversion, and not intervening at all and allowing the placenta to become entrapped in the contracting uterus with the implications of having to do a manual removal of the placenta possibly under a general anaesthetic. (Romero R et al. 1999). In conclusion we can consider that the role of the midwife is primarily to assist the pregnant woman through her pregnancy, her delivery and in the immediate post partum period. As we observed at the beginning of this essay, it is quite possible to intervene at virtually every stage of this process, but we would suggest that it is inherent within the role of the professional midwife that she should be able to draw a distinction between those occasions where intervention is mandatory, those when intervention is prudent and those occasions where it is perfectly appropriate to do nothing. References Carrick P (2000) Medical Ethics in the Ancient World. Georgetown University press 2000 ISBN: 0878408495 Coulter A. (2002) The autonomous patient. London : The Nuffield Trust, 2002. Halpern S D (2005) Towards evidence based bioethics. BMJ, Oct 2005 ; 331 : 901 903 Hunt T (1994) Ethical issues in Nursing. London : Routledge 1994 Norton C. (1996) Commissioning comprehensive continence services, Guidance for purchasers. London : Continence Foundation, 1996. Paine L L, J M Lang, D M Strobino, T R Johnson, J F DeJoseph, E R Declercq, D R Gagnon, A Scupholme and A Ross (1999) Characteristics of nurse-midwife patients and visits, American Journal of Public Health, Vol. 89, Issue 6 906 909, Reilly E T C, Freeman R M, Waterfield M R, Waterfield A E, Steggles P, Pedlar F. (2002) Prevention of postpartum stress incontinence in primigravidae with increased bladder neck mobility: a randomised controlled trial of antenatal pelvic floor exercises. Br J Obstet Gynaecol 2002 ;109 : 68 76. Romero R, Y C Hsu, A P Athanassiadis, Z Hagay, et al. (1999) Preterm delivery : a risk factor for retained placenta. Am J Obstet Gynecol, 1999 Rortveit G, Daltveit A K, Hannestad Y S, Hunskaar S. (2003) Urinary incontinence after vaginal delivery or cesarean section. N Engl J Med 2003 ; 348 : 900 – 907. Ryan G L , Quinn T J ,. Syrop C H , Hansen W F, (2002) Placenta Accreta Postpartum Obstetrics Gynecology 2002 ; 100 : 1069 1072 Salvesen, Kjell, Mà ¸rkved, Siv (2004) Randomised controlled trial of pelvic floor muscle training during pregnancy. BMJ Volume 329 (7462)14 August 2004pp 378 380 Semmelweis IP. (1861) Die aetiologie, der begriff und die prophylaxis des kindbettfiebers. Pest, Wien und Leipzig : CA Hartlebens Verlags-Expedition 1861.

The NRA Killed Gun Control Legislation Essay -- Argumentative Persuasi

The NRA Killed Gun Control Legislation By the year 2003, it is expected that firearms will cause the most injury-related deaths in the United States, surpassing even automobile accidents. Poll after poll have revealed that most Americans favor stricter gun control laws. Five recent suburban school shootings have demonstrated that when guns and kids mix, tragedy results. Yet gun control legislation remains at a standstill. The battle for stricter gun-control laws has not been without victories. In 1968, Congress passed the Gun Control Act in the wake of the assassinations of Martin Luther King, Jr., President John F. Kennedy, and Senator Robert Kennedy. The law mandated stricter licensing requirements, prohibited the sale of handguns to out-of-state residents, and banned mail-order gun sales and the import of guns not "suitable or readily adaptable to sporting purposes." The 1984 Crime Control Act lengthened the minimum mandatory sentences given to those who carry and use armor-piercing bullets to commit violent crimes. In 1993, the Brady Bill was approved by Congress and signed into law by President Bill Clinton. The law, named after James Brady, who was shot and paralyzed in the 1981 assassination attempt on President Reagan, requires a five-day waiting period for the purchase of handguns. The "Assault Weapons" ban of 1994, passed despite a massive campaign by the National Rifle Association (NRA), ba nned nineteen assault-type weapons, including the Street Sweeper, a 12-gauge shotgun that can be fully discharged in three seconds. The ban also covered many semiautomatic firearms. The NRA's bid to repeal the law was stymied in 1995, with the explosion of the Murrah Federal Building in Oklahoma City, which killed 168 peopl... ...gun's owner may be required before the gun will fire; another technology would allow an owner to activate and deactivate his or her gun via remote control. If S.113 were to become law, it would be much more difficult for children and young adults under eighteen years of age to fire their parents', relatives', or friends' guns. New Jersey's S.113 sits presently in the Senate Law and Public Safety Committee - there are not enough votes to get the bill out of committee. Â  Although the NRA boasts several millions members and a great deal of money, polls show that they hold the minority view. The fact that they have helped prevent the passage of federal and state legislation that would promote more gun-control laws shows that the NRA's minority is a vocal one. If the majority becomes half as vocal, tragedies such as the school shootings can be avoided in the future.

Analyzing Success in the Stories of Martin Dressler and Robert Irwin Essay

When I first read Martin Dressler: The Tale of An American Dreamer, I thought it was a very inspiring book. It talked about the life of an individual whose hardwok and perseverance took him to the top of his dreams. Well, it can be inspiring in some way. Holding to your dreams and trying your best is one of the main themes of the story. However, after I finished the book, I realized that it was not as inspiring as I thought it is. For me, it is now a book that tells something about the bitter side of life and success. It exposes one of the painful things this world is trying to conceal—that success is the golden crown of an empty heart. From the story of Martin Dressler, I realized that success is not as great as what most of us think and dream of. Success is a traitor that kidnaps the people’s opportunities to be happy with the one they love. Once success has kidnapped you, it will ask for your most precious possession—your family—as its ransom. As Martin Dressler moves to the top of his ladder of success, he also moves down to the pit of his decaying family. Following his dreams was indeed an achievement for him, but it was also the same thing that leads him to a miserable family life. In my opinion, most of us share the same situation with Martin Dressler. I, myself, have also experienced to be kidnapped by success. When I started college, which I consider as one of my greatest achievements because not everyone could have the access to good education, I noticed that I was becoming too busy with my studies that I almost forgot to spend some quality time with my family. I got too blinded with the achievement that I was holding with my hand. During that time, I feared that I might lose the chance to be in college if I would not get serious with my schooling. As a result, I spent most of my time inside my room and in the library studying. Until one day, my mother asked me to have a conversation with her. From that, I learned how fast my relationship with them has changed since I went to college. I realized my mistake and from then on, I incorporated good time management to my everyday life. For me, success can never bring danger if one knows how to manage his time well. Success can never betray you if you know how to deal with it. Another thing that I noticed with the character of Martin Dressler is his great ability to make things happen. If examined, he started barely from anything. His perseverance was very admirable, especially during in his time when only the rich people could afford to put up a business like what he had. On my own opinion, though, hardwork and perseverance is not enough. One’s character is not the only thing that matters when following a dream. A person should not think that he can achieve success by relying solely on his own. He should also consider the people around him. Through building good relationships with people, one can have a better reach of his dreams. Everyone of us is a dreamer. Most of our dreams are actually an American dream. To be successful is not bad. To be on top of our achievements is not selfishness. However, I realized that if we let our dreams to be our masters, the more it is hard for us to achieve them. Our dreams are our navigator to the place where we want to be in the future. But they should never be the center of our life for we might miss the real treasure—our family. Meanwhile, another book shares almost the same things of Martin Dressler’s story—Seeing is Forgetting the Name of the Thing One Sees, presenting the life of the American installation artist Robert Irwin. Although both characters have opposing personalities and were born in two different time frames, Martin Dressler and Robert Irwin still share the same experiences and philosophy in life. Both of their stories are a representation of a fulfilled dream—Dressler in achieving his dream of becoming a successful businessman, and Irwin in achieving his dream of finding the best field where he excels at. The two biographical writers namely Steven Millhauser and Lawrence Weschler, however, used two different approaches in portraying Dressler and Irwin. Millhauser, in his book The Tale of an American Dreamer, has included not only the beautiful and inspiring aspect of Dressler’s life but also the downside effect of the success he achieved. This was not incorporated by Weschler in presenting the life of Irwin. For me, his book simply narrates how Irwin started to have interest in the field of arts, how he became a painter, how he became inquisitive with his artistic limitations, and how he finally got his way to the field of installation art. Reading the first few pages of the book Seeing is Forgetting the Name of the Thing One Sees, I easily got hooked into it. The first part was describing Irwin’s childhood and the people and the kind of environment that mainly influenced him. However, as I continue reading, I felt alienated in the way Weschler describing things on Irwin’s craft. Sometimes, I found myself clueless of what he was narrating. Probably it is because I have no idea at all with some of the jargons in painting and installation art. There were some words that I did not understand and required me to research about them. The book, for me, seems a little bit technical if compared to the book The Tale of an American Dreamer. Analyzing the main character’s life, though, leads me to conclude that his story is nevertheless the same as ours. In some point in our lives, we get confused on which path it is that we really will be taking. Everday, we are confronted with many choices, from the time we awake up to the time we take rest. It then makes me wonder how people make choices, specifically the right ones. What could be their criteria? In my own point of view, people make their choices by selecting the option where they would feel greater happiness or fulfillment. But depending on what kind of person you are, happiness and fulfillment is very subjective. Everyone has his own story when asked about what it is that makes him happy and fulfilled. Eventhough it is hard to agree on such an issue, I think the important thing to remember is that we fully identify and know ourselves. By knowing ourselves means knowing our needs, including our need for happiness. When we recognize this need, then I think it is easier for us to know where we can find happiness. This for me is what the book about Irwin’s life represents. He looked for his happiness by addressing his need to express his thoughts and his self. For me, the works that he did can make him feel that a portion of his self is being fulfilled. Talking about dreams, Dressler and Irwin, for me, are both portrayers of it. However, they represent dreams in two different faces: one is a dream in exchange for something, and two is a dream in search for something. It seems to me that Dressler’s American dream is crueler than Irwin’s dream. Although self- fulfilling, Dressler’s idea of success yields more on the financial aspect as compared to the psychological one that Irwin has. For me, that of Irwin’s is a degree higher than that of Dressler. As a result, both of them gained successes that are in two different aspects, too. What Dressler achieved is a financial success while Irwin attained a more personal one. Works Cited Millhauser, Steven. The Tale of an American Dreamer. New York: Vintage Books, 1997 Weschler, Lawrence. Seeing is Forgetting the Name of the Thing One Sees. USA: University of the California Press, 1982

Digital Fortress Chapter 40

Outside Node 3, Chartrukian looked desperate. He was trying to convince Hale that TRANSLTR was in trouble. Susan raced by them with only one thought in mind-to find Strathmore. The panicked Sys-Sec grabbed Susan's arm as she passed. â€Å"Ms. Fletcher! We have a virus! I'm positive! You have to-â€Å" Susan shook herself free and glared ferociously. â€Å"I thought the commander told you to go home.† â€Å"But the Run-Monitor! It's registering eighteen-â€Å" â€Å"Commander Strathmore told you to go home!† â€Å"FUCK STRATHMORE!† Chartrukian screamed, the words resounding throughout the dome. A deep voice boomed from above. â€Å"Mr. Chartrukian?† The three Crypto employees froze. High above them, Strathmore stood at the railing outside his office. For a moment, the only sound inside the dome was the uneven hum of the generators below. Susan tried desperately to catch Strathmore's eye. Commander! Hale is North Dakota! But Strathmore was fixated on the young Sys-Sec. He descended the stairs without so much as a blink, keeping his eyes trained on Chartrukian the whole way down. He made his way across the Crypto floor and stopped six inches in front of the trembling technician. â€Å"What did you say?† â€Å"Sir,† Chartrukian choked, â€Å"TRANSLTR's in trouble.† â€Å"Commander?† Susan interjected. â€Å"If I could-â€Å" Strathmore waved her off. His eyes never left the Sys-Sec. Phil blurted, â€Å"We have an infected file, sir. I'm sure of it!† Strathmore's complexion turned a deep red. â€Å"Mr. Chartrukian, we've been through this. There is no file infecting TRANSLTR!† â€Å"Yes, there is!† he cried. â€Å"And if it makes its way to the main databank-â€Å" â€Å"Where the hell is this infected file?† Strathmore bellowed. â€Å"Show it to me!† Chartrukian hesitated. â€Å"I can't.† â€Å"Of course you can't! It doesn't exist!† Susan said, â€Å"Commander, I must-â€Å" Again Strathmore silenced her with an angry wave. Susan eyed Hale nervously. He seemed smug and detached. It makes perfect sense, she thought. Hale wouldn't be worried about a virus; he knows what's really going on inside TRANSLTR. Chartrukian was insistent. â€Å"The infected file exists, sir. But Gauntlet never picked it up.† â€Å"If Gauntlet never picked it up,† Strathmore fumed, â€Å"then how the hell do you know it exists?† Chartrukian suddenly sounded more confident. â€Å"Mutation strings, sir. I ran a full analysis, and the probe turned up mutation strings!† Susan now understood why the Sys-Sec was so concerned. Mutation strings, she mused. She knew mutation strings were programming sequences that corrupted data in extremely complex ways. They were very common in computer viruses, particularly viruses that altered large blocks of data. Of course, Susan also knew from Tankado's E-mail that the mutation strings Chartrukian had seen were harmless-simply part of Digital Fortress. The Sys-Sec went on. â€Å"When I first saw the strings, sir, I thought Gauntlet's filters had failed. But then I ran some tests and found out†¦Ã¢â‚¬  He paused, looking suddenly uneasy. â€Å"I found out that somebody manually bypassed Gauntlet.† The statement met with a sudden hush. Strathmore's face turned an even deeper shade of crimson. There was no doubt whom Chartrukian was accusing; Strathmore's terminal was the only one in Crypto with clearance to bypass Gauntlet's filters. When Strathmore spoke, his voice was like ice. â€Å"Mr. Chartrukian, not that it is any concern of yours, but I bypassed Gauntlet.† He went on, his temper hovering near the boiling point. â€Å"As I told you earlier, I'm running a very advanced diagnostic. The mutation strings you see in TRANSLTR are part of that diagnostic; they are there because I put them there. Gauntlet refused to let me load the file, so I bypassed its filters.† Strathmore's eyes narrowed sharply at Chartrukian. â€Å"Now, will there be anything else before you go?† In a flash, it all clicked for Susan. When Strathmore had downloaded the encrypted Digital Fortress algorithm from the Internet and tried to run it through TRANSLTR, the mutation strings had tripped Gauntlet's filters. Desperate to know whether Digital Fortress was breakable, Strathmore decided to bypass the filters. Normally, bypassing Gauntlet was unthinkable. In this situation, however, there was no danger in sending Digital Fortress directly into TRANSLTR; the commander knew exactly what the file was and where it came from. â€Å"With all due respect, sir,† Chartrukian pressed, â€Å"I've never heard of a diagnostic that employs mutation-â€Å" â€Å"Commander,† Susan interjected, not able to wait another moment. â€Å"I really need to-â€Å" This time her words were cut short by the sharp ring of Strathmore's cellular phone. The commander snatched up the receiver. â€Å"What is it!† he barked. Then he fell silent and listened to the caller. Susan forgot about Hale for an instant. She prayed the caller was David. Tell me he's okay, she thought. Tell me he found the ring! But Strathmore caught her eye and he gave her a frown. It was not David. Susan felt her breath grow short. All she wanted to know was that the man she loved was safe. Strathmore, Susan knew, was impatient for other reasons; if David took much longer, the commander would have to send backup-NSA field agents. It was a gamble he had hoped to avoid. â€Å"Commander?† Chartrukian urged. â€Å"I really think we should check-â€Å" â€Å"Hold on,† Strathmore said, apologizing to his caller. He covered his mouthpiece and leveled a fiery stare at his young Sys-Sec. â€Å"Mr. Chartrukian,† he growled, â€Å"this discussion is over. You are to leave Crypto. Now. That's an order.† Chartrukian stood stunned. â€Å"But, sir, mutation str-â€Å" â€Å"NOW!† Strathmore bellowed. Chartrukian stared a moment, speechless. Then he stormed off toward the Sys-Sec lab. Strathmore turned and eyed Hale with a puzzled look. Susan understood the commander's mystification. Hale had been quiet-too quiet. Hale knew very well there was no such thing as a diagnostic that used mutation strings, much less one that could keep TRANSLTR busy eighteen hours. And yet Hale hadn't said a word. He appeared indifferent to the entire commotion. Strathmore was obviously wondering why. Susan had the answer. â€Å"Commander,† she said insistently, â€Å"if I could just speak-â€Å" â€Å"In a minute,† he interjected, still eyeing Hale quizzically. â€Å"I need to take this call.† With that, Strathmore turned on his heel and headed for his office. Susan opened her mouth, but the words stalled on the tip of her tongue. Hale is North Dakota! She stood rigid, unable to breathe. She felt Hale staring at her. Susan turned. Hale stepped aside and swung his arm graciously toward the Node 3 door. â€Å"After you, Sue.†

3 Major Changes Happening in Retail in 5 Years

3 Major Changes Happening in Retail in 5 Years Are you currently employed in a retail position or looking to find one? If so, and you’re in it for the long haul, you can expect to encounter some big changes across the industry in the next several years. This is due to a variety of factors- from technological innovation that’s reshaping how consumers purchase products, to changes in the global economy and individual spending habits. 1. Basic Industry TrendsHere are some of the basic trends that are expected in retail over the next several years, according to the Bureau of Labor Statistics:Retail employment is projected to grow at a rate of 2 percent. This is slower than average, but opportunities will be available, largely due to the high employment turnover that’s characteristic of the industry.The greatest concentration of retail employment will be on the east and west coasts of the United States; the states with the highest employment levels will likely be California, Texas, Florida, New York, and Illinois. Places with the highest annual mean retail wages will likely be the District of Columbia, Washington, North Dakota, Rhode Island, and Connecticut.Industries with the highest levels of retail employment will likely be general merchandising stores, clothing stores, building supplies dealers, sporting goods and hobby shops, and car dealerships.2. Changes in Hiring ProceduresDo your memories regarding the retail positions you’ve held throughout your career involve walking into various stores, completing paper applications, and submitting it to an employee or manager? If so, then you can expect to notice a change in how hiring is done over the next few years. Expect the slow, old â€Å"paper and pen† application process, which often meant weeks of waiting for a response while mountains of applications were reviewed, to be replaced by a more computerized and efficient hiring process- from applying to onboarding and everything in between.Many of the components of hiring are b eing automated and shifting to computers, allowing for a faster turnaround time. Savvy and progressive-minded companies are realizing that satisfied and well-adjusted employees (from day one, when they’re still candidates) are crucial to their success, and are focusing on improving the â€Å"candidate experience,† which means making the hiring process as easy, transparent, and confusion-free as possible. Some are even embracing artificial intelligence (AI) tools to screen candidates and keep them updated throughout the hiring process faster and better than ever before. The ultimate goal here is for companies to attract and retain the best available talent to staff their teams, which will ultimately benefit their bottom lines and long-term success.3. Growth in E-CommerceThe shift in consumer purchasing and spending habits from brick and mortar stores to online shopping is undeniable- and has impacted every aspect of the retail sector, including job opportunities. As mor e people choose to shop online, expect to see less of a need for physical stores to connect with customers. As a result, we can expect to see a portion of the retail staffing needs of companies shift from in-store employment to online positions, including customer support, warehousing and inventory tasks, and more.Therefore, tech-savvy candidates with computer skills under their belts will likely have the best chances of obtaining the retail jobs of the future. If this sounds like you then you should be in good shape, but if your computer skills need some work then it might be a worthwhile investment to get them up to speed.There it is- a glimpse at some of the changes that you can expect to see in retail hiring and employment over the next 5 years. Use this information to help you prepare for the retail world of the future, and avoid any big surprises. Good luck!

Should juveniles punished or try as adults Research Paper

Should juveniles punished or try as adults - Research Paper Example The reasoning behind this is actually quite simple. The full grown adults believe that although a child / teenager is involved in a very adult crime, such as murder, he does not truly grasp the meaning and reality of his actions. One mistake during his childhood should not condemn him to a life of hard core punishment. Although such argument tend to hold water among child psyche experts, parents, and some sympathetic courts, the reality of the situation is that the child committed a major crime. A crime that could land an adult in prison for a very long time. Nobody can ever be sure that a child did the crime â€Å"with little understanding of his actions†. If a juvenile committed the offense, he definitely has at least a basic understanding of what the outcome of his actions might be. Therefore, he should not be sheltered from the results of his actions. Rather, he must be made to face up to the resulting consequences of his actions. That is the only way to truly rehabilitate a juvenile delinquent and make sure that he does not grow up to become a social problem. A social problem who as an adult, poses a grave threat to our children, our livelihood, and our very lives. People like former Gov. Jeb Bush believe that â€Å""There should be some sensitivity that a 14-year-old is not a little adult." (Reaves, 2011). His comment is based on the understanding that a fourteen year old does not have the mental capacity to formulate a murder scenario, get his hands on a lethal weapon such as a gun, and use it against someone whom he feels did him wrong. That might have been true during the time of the youth of the governor. However, the increasingly violent movies shown on television, cable TV, and the internet has removed that cloak of innocence in a child. These days, a child of 14 has the full understanding and ability to kill anybody as evidenced by cases like 14 year old Nathan Brazil who was found guilty of second degree murder after killing his teacher in 2011. (Reaves, 2011) Experts who study the human brain say that it was wrong for those Brazil to have been tried as an adult. Their argument being based on their research studies indicating that â€Å"...the brain's prefrontal lobe, which some scientists speculate plays a crucial role in inhibiting inappropriate behavior, may not reach full development until age 20. â€Å" (Reaves, 2011) If we are to believe the experts about how long it takes for the human brain to actually develop, then we would all still be juvenile delinquents at the age of 20, not held responsible for being drunk drivers, doing drugs, or bullying other kids because â€Å"Hey, I'm just a kid. I know nothing!†. I sincerely doubt that most parents and others who are involved in the life of the delinquent would truly buy such a pathetic explanation or excuse in relation to the actions of a juvenile delinquent. By saying that a child does not have the mental capacity to understand his course of actions, we are giving this soon to be adult an easy out. Failing to take into consideration that these children are exposed to violence every single day of their lives. (Schwartz, 2010) Be it in the media, the movies, or even at school, these children see increasingly disturbing amounts of violence and, because of the way that adult news programs report the events, give them some sort of understanding as to what happened and why. Indeed, they may not have the same capacity as an adult to plan the

The most common types of assault and battery a nurse can be criminally Research Paper

The most common types of assault and battery a nurse can be criminally charged with - Research Paper Example The researcher opted for this research topic because it cuts across as unique when compared to most of the nursing research topics, which nursing students as well as other researchers usually study. This new study will bring fresh approach in studying about the nursing profession. Most commonly, researchers dwell on investigating about specific issues revolving nursing care. However, in respect to the increased cases of misconduct by nurses, it is of essence to carry out a study that will not only inform nurses of some of the acts that they do, which fit as assault and battery, but it will also seek to discourage such misconducts among nurses. From a student’s perspective, this research topic is important since it will enable the student to understand the clear distinction between assault and battery. Secondly, the nursing student will be able to know what acts or deeds constitute to either assault or battery. Thirdly, the nursing student will be able to know what the law says about assault and battery by nurses and the possible liability that an offending nurse can get because of his or her misconduct. To the nursing profession this research topic will help to highlight on the issue of ethical practices within the nursing profession, that is, what acts fit as ethical practices within the nursing profession, and most importantly what acts fit as unethical nursing practices. Secondly, this research topic will be significant to the nursing profession because it will highlight on the issue of accountability enshrined in nursing care. Johnstone (2009) notes that in the nursing profession, the practicing nurses have to be accountable to themselves, their patients, their employer (healthcare organization), the surrounding environment, which also includes the society and the nursing profession. In this regard, Johnstone (2010) stated that for every action that a

More horse power Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

More horse power - Essay Example The phrase, "the most powerful in its class", may be true as "class" is not defined. According to the case, trucks similar to the Mammoth are used for hauling heavy equipment but the Mammoth is not suited for hauling. This would mean that the Mammoth would be in a different class from the hauling trucks, or in a class of its own. However, it does have a powerful engine which supports the claim that it is the most powerful in its class. All the above support the tagline "The Mammoth. Power, Beauty, Style." The advertisement focuses on qualities not necessarily connected with the product but I don't think this has been done unduly. The company used its good reputation for luxury sedans and sports cars, products which evoke power, beauty and style. The Mammoth advertisement may be targeting the same market as those for its traditional products, considering that the truck was not really built for hauling heavy equipment. The Mammoth can be viewed as simply another vehicle sporting a different design, a hauling truck design. But in the same way that luxury sedans and sports cars serve their intended customers for power, beauty and style, the Mammoth is also being sold to do this, especially since the advertisement depicted the owner getting into the truck in a tuxedo and driving to the opera. It is permissible fo

Transactional Communication Essay Example for Free

Transactional Communication Essay Conversations   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   They are talking simultaneously, each seeming to carry on a conversation with themselves more so than with each other. She is talking fast, looking at the air, her hand gestures extravagant and facial expressions flamboyant. He is leaned back, sunken into the chair comfortably, talking lowly, nodding his head in agreement at regular intervals, his voice running alongside hers. She is excited. He looks amused.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   They sit close to each other in the corner of the cafà ©. Sounds from conversations hum in the air around them, the clinking and bustling of a busy cafà © a background to this conversation. Despite the multidimensional setting—the music playing in the speakers above, the couple to their left discussing baby names, the loud ring of the nearby telephone and the even louder server who answered it—these two talk as if they were alone at home, as if none of the loudness existed. They are celebrating. Crumbled remains of a chocolate fudge cake occupy the table space they share, and two large mugs of coffee sit pushed to the side, ready to be taken away.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   This is where a server makes it big or loses out completely on a tip. Time is a factor in everything, and as a server you have to be willing to divide your time evenly among your tables so that you don’t fall in the weeds later. If you see one of your tables finished with their plates and cups, it’s your job to pick it up, and fast. It’s an opportunity to offer them anything else, and one more chance to make an impression, to make them like you. They’ve finished eating, and more importantly, she’s just eaten chocolate cake.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   So I bustle over and say, â€Å"Hey folks, can I get this out of your way?† Smiling, of course. You have to smile.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   She looks up at me, blinking, cross, brow furrowed. He moves forward, sitting up aggressively, brow furrowing, â€Å"What, man?†   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   â€Å"Can I get this out of your way?† I ask, cautiously, not sure what just happened here. I even lean in a little, my hands crossed behind my back so I look more servant-ly, less threatening.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The mood cracks. She laughs. He smiles goofily in relief. He shakes his head. She puts her hand over her eyes. â€Å"We thought you said something else,† they both seem to say at the same time.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   When they leave, I find my tip—a measly $3—under the saltshaker. Apparently, noise is a factor, too. The external part of it, all those people’s voices charging the air around us, music swirling in between conversation, me asking to clear the plates; they thought I was hitting on her. Maybe I was smiling too much.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   But he must have that internal part of it, the voices in his head that tell him she’s cheating on him with every guy that sees her. Why is that, I wonder? They were having such a nice conversation, and then I got there, and everything changed. What were they talking about? Being a server is about the closest thing you can be to a fly on the wall. They almost ignore you completely, until you buzz around them and ask if it’s okay to pick up their plates. Next time, I shouldn’t say anything, I should just pick it up.

History Essays Winston Churchill War

History Essays Winston Churchill War Winston Churchill War These were the words of Winston Churchill when he entered the Buckingham Palace one day, â€Å"But whether it be peace or war we must strive to frame some system of human relations in the future which will put an end to this prolonged hideous uncertainty, which will let the working and creative forces of the world get on with their job, and which will no longer leave the whole life of mankind dependent upon the virtues, the caprice, or the wickedness of a single man.† At about this same time, thousands of people almost worshipped this man, n enigmatic personality and a charismatic leader, who rose to power because of his charisma and his leadership qualities. At this point of time, this great leader was concerned more with the essentials of balancing the harmony and the eternity of his beloved country, England, and he seemed to be quite completely weary and tired of politics. However, this did not mean that the events and happenings taking place all around him did not affect him at all; in fact, it was quite the contrary. He was frankly horrified and appalled at the Fascist rabble in Italy, at the Reichweir rumored to be creating secret aerodromes in Russia, and at the haranguing of Hitler in Germany. Churchill felt that all these incidents could not be considered to be independent; they were all the frank expressions of nations that were demonstrating a certain will power and self command. This was probably the primary reason why Winston Churchill decided that he would come out of retirement from his country house and stand as an independent candidate for the by-election of 1924. Although it is true that this leader lost in this election, as he had in the past two others, it did not deter him in the least, and on the other hand, he became aware that he was an individual who had managed to gather enough support from several factions during the elections. Mr. Baldwin, at this time, offered Winston Churchill a Conservative seat at Epping, and this meant that this leader could return to Epping as a full fledged Conservative leader. It would help to get an idea about the man, and his life, before one can assess his leadership qualities. Winston Leonard Spencer Churchill was born in the year 1874 in Oxfordshire, to prominent Tory politician Lord Randolph Churchill. The young boy grew up under his father’s tutelage, and when he was old enough, he saw action both at India and at Sudan. He was captured during the Boer War when he was working as a journalist, and he managed to escape from prison later. In 1900, Winston Churchill was appointed the Conservative Member of Parliament for Oxfordshire, but he was apparently disillusioned by his party’s activities, and he therefore joined the Liberal Party in 1904. When in 1905 the Liberal Party won the elections, Churchill was appointed as the Under Secretary, after which he entered the Cabinet as the president of the Board of Trade. In 1910, he was appointed the Home Secretary, after which he became the Lord of Admiralty, a post that he held during the First World War. However, after the disastrous Dardanelles campaign, for which Churchill became the scapegoat, he resigned and joined the Army. From the year 1917 onwards, Winston Churchill was appointed leader of several governmental posts, until the year 1940 when the Prime Minster of England Neville Chamberlain resigned, and Winston Churchill took his place. It must be remembered that Churchill had been opposing Nazi developments in Germany for a long while now, and he took this opportunity to oppose the Nazis officially, while at the same time refusing to surrender to Germany. This act in itself served as an inspiration for the people of England at the time, and this leader worked tirelessly through the war, and built up close ties with the President of the United States of America, Roosevelt, while at the same time trying his best to maintain cordial relations with the Soviet Union. In 1945 during the elections, Churchill lost power, but he remained the leader of the opposition. At the time, he warned his people of the Cold War and tried his best to encourage European and also trans-Atlantic unity. In 1951, the charismatic Winston Churchill became the Prime Minster again, but in 1955 he resigned his post, but he remained a working and accomplished and capable Member of Parliament until his death in the year 1965. Winston Churchill has been known for his early accomplishments in life, in much the same way as other leaders like Lenin, Stalin and Hitler, but there is an intrinsic difference between him and other leaders. While the others mentioned above tried to use their victories in order to create dictatorships in their country, Winston Churchill was an individual who was affected by war, and who grabbed any opportunity he could to make use of the war to lead his own country towards an inevitable victory. Perhaps, the fact that Churchill belonged to a military family helped him a great deal in his endeavors, and when he was sent to India and Sudan on various assignments, the young man, barely twenty four at the time, wrote to his mother back in England, â€Å"I never felt the slightest nervousness, I felt as cool as I do now†. What was even more surprising was that Winston Churchill had been posted both as a war correspondent as well as a serving soldier in India and in Sudan, and it was here that the young man revealed two other aspects of his character: he had a literary bent of mind, and he also had a keen interest in public affairs. As a matter of fact, although Churchill wrote all his life, politics and public affairs almost seemed to consume him; perhaps the fact that his father Randolph Churchill had been a public failure as a politician spurred the young man on, and perhaps to, this was the reason why he was determined to succeed where his own father had failed before him. It is important to note that Randolph Churchill had despised and detested his son, and he probably saw him as a show off and a good for nothing individual. In his own words, writing to his mother the Duchess of Marlborough, he criticized his son heavily, and said that his son lacked â€Å"cleverness, knowledge and any capacity for settled work. He has a great talent for show-off, exaggeration and make-believe†¦Ã¢â‚¬  However, although his father’s comments must have hurt the young Churchill, he sought to react by trying to venerate his father’s memory. This in itself shows his strength of character, wherein the young man, instead of falling prey to petty vindictiveness and nastiness and spite, sought to restore his father’s lost honor in the British parliament. In the year 1935 Winston Churchill knew enough of world affairs to warn the House of Commons of the importance of â€Å"self-preservation and also of the human and the world cause of the preservation of free governments and of Western civilization against the ever advancing sources of authority and despotism.† It must be stated that Winston Churchill was a natural born leader, who managed to accomplish a great many things during his lifetime. Take for example the time when he managed to escape imprisonment immediately after he was captured during the Boer War: he became an acknowledged and accepted national hero in his country after this fact, and at the time when Edward III was abdicated, Winston Churchill opted to show his deep support for the deposed leader, despite the government’s complete disapproval, and against popular advice. The great man chose to believe in what he felt must be done, and he bravely managed to carry this out, despite all odds. Another accomplishment was that Winston Churchill managed to lead his beloved country through the Second World War, and he also made sure that he made his opposition to Hitler and his atrocities publicly known. This was the reason why Churchill refused to make peace with Germany while Hitler was in power, and instead, he chose to consult with American President Roosevelt and with Soviet Stalin, to create and plan a victory over Germany in the immediate future. This great leader was not an individual who would bow to anyone; he would follow his instincts and act accordingly. Using his insight and intuition, he warned his country of the expansive tendencies being exhibited by the Soviet Union, and he even coined a specific term for this phenomenon: ‘Iron Curtain’. As mentioned earlier, Winston Churchill proved to be an excellent and charismatic leader when he led his country during the Second World War. Experts often state that almost the whole of Churchill’s career had been a sort of training and preparation for this event: that of leading his country during war. It would help to remember that Churchill was an intense patriot, and he loved his country more than anything else in the world. This individual was also a great believer in the greatness and immensity of his country, and he was constantly aware of the historic role that England had played in Europe, in the Empire, and also in the world in general. Churchill was an individual who thrived on challenges, and he would always rise to the occasion in any sort of crisis that his country was facing. Since he was extremely fond of politics, and the workings of his country based on the political happenings happening within his country, he became a veritable master of politics, and it had often been felt that Winston Churchill was nursing all his many faculties, and reining in his inexhaustible sense of energy for the time when he would be able to lead his country in the World war II. This was the time when the brilliant leader could showcase Britain’s values for the entire world, and he grabbed the opportunity to do just this. In was on September 3 1939 that Britain happened to finally declare war on Germany, and at the same time, the then Prime Minister of England, Chamberlain appointed Winston Churchill as the chief in charge of the Admiralty. On the fleet, there was much rejoicing and celebration: â€Å"Winston is back!† went the saying back and forth. The US President Franklin Roosevelt sent a congratulatory letter to Churchill over the appointment, and thus began a long term and memorable correspondence between the two world leaders. It is often stated that it was Winston Churchill’s leadership as the Prime Minister during the Second World War that served to help Britain, until then an isolated power, survive successfully the Battle of Britain, which ultimately led Britain to gain a tremendous victory over Nazi Germany. It is also stated that his form of generous leadership was desperately needed by his country at the time, and perhaps too, it was the man’s obstinacy and stubbornness to enter into any sort of negotiation with Germany, and the will power to adhere to his stand, no matter what, that brought victory to his country, Britain. (Del Testa; Lemoine; Strickland, 2001) In reality, Churchill’s achievements have been at times so much exaggerated that the leader has become a fictional character in several novels that deal with the World War and incidents related to the war across the world. In Winston Churchill’s own words, he led his beloved country Britain through her â€Å"walk with destiny†, and this, a destiny for which the leader had been preparing all his political life, as mentioned earlier. Churchill’s qualities of far-sightedness, his sturdiness, tenacity, stubbornness, his obstinacy in the face of much opposition, his great valor and courage and the will to win and conquer despite the odds were all the characteristics of a great world leader, and it was these qualities that helped the man garner enormous support both at home and also abroad. Furthermore, Winston Churchill was an accomplished speaker, a great politician, and he loved his country. He was also a journalist, and he knew what words would inspire and what would not. In later stages, the very sight of Churchill, with his trademark cigar perched at the corner of his mouth, his fingers raised in his characteristic ‘V’ sign for Victory would serve to inflame the masses, and at the time, the people would do anything for him, and follow him anywhere he would choose to lead them. He became known as ‘John Bull’, a British mythical character, and a symbol of victory for the common people of his country, and Churchill believed strongly that his very destiny lay in great service to his country. When he was chosen to be the Prime Minister of his country, Churchill said these immortal words, â€Å"I felt as if I were walking with destiny, and that all my past life had been in preparation for this hour and this trial†, and this was how this great individual and appointed leader of his country led Britain through one of the toughest wars of history. Take this fierce oratory, for example, an awe inspiring speech that inflamed the people of his country and kept them from losing heart delivered on June 4, 1940, at the time when it appeared as if all of Europe might fall soon: â€Å"†¦we shall not flag or fail. We shall go on to the end we shall fight in the seas and oceans we shall fight on the beaches, we shall fight on the landing grounds, we shall fight in the fields and in the streets, we shall fight in the hills, we shall never surrender† When his people listened to this speech, they felt inspired enough to think of never ever giving up, even though it appeared as if they may fail eventually. This was the courage and determination that Churchill displayed at every turn. In 1939, immediately after Winston Churchill was recalled to duty as the First Lord of the Admiralty, the first wave of German military power had already managed to overwhelm Poland, and immediately afterward, threatened to topple Northwestern Europe, and also to make France fall. In 1940, at the time when France had already fallen, Churchill was called to power and responsibility by a spontaneous revolt in his country carried out by the best elements in all the parties, and it was a well accepted and recognized fact that he alone, among all the other political leaders, had had no part to play in the disaster of the 1930’s, and that he was blameless. This meant that he had been chosen by the very will of the entire nation, and that he enjoyed his people’s support at every turn. It would be during the next five years, as the Prime Minister of England, and the leader who would lead and head his country in the ongoing World War that Winston Churchill’s career became almost one with that of his nation, and closely linked with its survival. It must be remembered that until the year 1941, Britain had fought all alone in the World War II. At this time, Churchill took it upon himself to inspire resistance at any cost, and to oppose Nazi Germany no matter what happened. H felt reasonably sure that Britain would be able to resist Nazi Germany eventually and that England would not fall prey to Germany any time in the near future. Churchill also started to organize the defense of his country, so that it would stand as a bastion when it would be returned to the continent of Europe. It was this charismatic and appealing leader that managed to bathe in a new life into the government, and into his beloved country and her people. In his own words, when addressing the House of Commons upon being appointed as the Prime Minister of England, he said, â€Å"I have nothing to offer but blood, toil, tears, and sweat: You ask, what is our policy? I will say: It is to wage war, by sea, land, and air, with all our might. You ask, what is our aim? I can answer in one word: Victory.† The ultimate aim was for Churchill an undisputed ‘Victory’ for his country and his people. How exactly did Winston Churchill lead his country during the Second World War? What were his actions? How did he inspire such great confidence in his abilities and performance as a leader of his country? The historian George Best describes how Winston Churchill went about protecting and defending his beloved country. As mentioned earlier, the reputation that the great leader had at this time was that of a gifted politician, who had already changed his party twice, and who could be quite an impulsive type of individual, who could at different times be susceptible to impractical enthusiasms and interests. He was also recognized as the person who felt confident enough to state boldly and in the open his real feelings about the then Prime Minister of England Neville Chamberlain, and his foreign policies. Six years later, after he had led his country successfully through the World War II, Winston Churchill became renowned throughout the world as a enigmatic person and a great statesman who was the champion of freedom and democracy and independence for his country, and who was victorious in his endeavors to guide and lead his country during the war. However, it must be noted that it was not until nine months after his appointment that there were some results. On the 10th of May 1940, the challenge that was facing the country looked very formidable indeed, but things looked even worse about six short weeks later. The British Army was almost captured at Dunkirk, but managed to escape. Although the escape was a victory in itself, it was, in military terms, a shocking setback to the ongoing campaign, and soon enough, Britain was facing an unforeseen threat, that of invasion, something that she had not faced since the year 1805! It was Churchill’s able leadership that managed to save his country from such humiliation, and it was Churchill who managed to persuade the cabinet and the parliament that Britain and its empire could survive, through his awe inspiring speeches at ever juncture. Churchill even went so far as to forbid and prohibit any type of defeatist talk within his hearing, and he also refused to be put on the defensive for any reason whatsoever. He remained firm and strong and capable, and his behavior proved to be extremely heartening to his people, who were almost on the verge of crumpling down in the face of opposition and the prospect of defeat and humiliation. This was how Winston Churchill managed to bring his people through the ‘Battle of Britain’, win the battle, and make sure that invasion was no longer imminent and looming down upon them, and teach Londoners how to survive what became known in later times as ‘the Blitz’. This victory carried him through the next battle, the Second World War, and he remained confident and positive through these difficult times, thereby leading his country through one of the biggest battles she had ever been involved in, in recent years. As mentioned earlier, Winston Churchill and President Roosevelt started to communicate with each other when Churchill was appointed as the Lord of the Admiralty by his Prime Minster. It must be mentioned here that it was this relationship of these two great leaders that managed to bridge the existing gaps between the two countries England and the United states of America, and which helped the leaders fight for their own causes, while also keeping in mind the others’, in a friendly manner. Take for example the letters that Churchill, being a journalist, wrote to Roosevelt, urging him to help the Allies in the ongoing war in Europe. It was in essence these letters that helped bridge the gap between the two countries, and which heralded the beginning of a diplomatic relationship that would help in the struggle to defeat Hitler and the Axis powers. Acting upon Churchill’s advice, Roosevelt proposed aid to Europe in the ‘Lend-Lease Act’, according to which the United States of America would supply financial and military aid to Great Britain and the Soviet Union. In return America would have a ninety nine-year lease in places that could be considered to be in threat at any time in the future. In the year 1941, the Congress approved of the Act, and this in essence could be said to have changed the very course of history, because Roosevelt’s generosity and Churchill’s grim determination to bring in a defeat to Hitler and his atrocities combined together into a potent combination, which brought an end to Hitler’s tyranny. In the words of Sir Isaiah Berlin, â€Å"Churchill’s political imagination has something of the same magical power to transform, it is a magic that belongs equally to demagogues and great democratic leaders: Franklin Roosevelt, who as much as any man altered his country’s inner image of itself, and of its character and its history, possessed it in a high degree†¦ Churchill stands at almost the opposite pole. He too does not fear the future, and no man has ever loved life more vehemently and infused so much of it into everyone and everything that he has touched. But whereas Roosevelt, like all great innovators, had a half-conscious premonitory awareness of the coming shape of a society, not wholly unlike that of an artist, Churchill, for all his extrovert air, looks within, and his strongest sense is the sense of the past.† These sentences give one a peek into the relationship that was shared by two great leaders, Churchill and Roosevelt, both of whom fought for a common cause, the welfare of their country and of her people. There are some researchers and reviewers and political analysts, however, who do feel that the relationship has been given too much importance and hype, and the truth may be quite exaggerated, and that the relationship was that of uneasy friendliness. Some others have felt that by forging such a relationship with an America President, Winston Churchill had in fact led his country into developing an unwanted alliance with America. The two leaders had different agendas, but they were united in one aspect, Hitler would have to go, and both the countries would try their very best to drive him out of power, and it was apparently Churchill’s strong hope that he would be able to utilize Roosevelt and his power to shore up the sagging British Empire. Winston Churchill, after having headed his country through turbulent and uneasy times of the Second World War, remained as the Prime Minister, and when he turned eighty in the year 1954, Anthony Eden, several members of parliament, and even his own wife urged him to give up the post, as he appeared to have aged rather rapidly over the past few years. In the year 1955, Winston Churchill resigned as the Prime Minister of England, and he held on to his post as a Member of Parliament. Writing had always been his strong point, and through his life, Churchill had penned several books and written for several journals and magazines, and had even own a Nobel Prize for his work. This served him in good stead at this time, and the great leader managed to complete his four volume work, ‘The History of the English Speaking Peoples.’ Some of the time he would spend visiting his old friends and the rest, on taking long cruises on yachts that belonged to his multi-billionaire friend Aristotle Onassis. His wife, however, did not seem to approve of this extravagant lifestyle, and this brought about a separation between the two. Soon afterwards, Winston Churchill started to suffer from symptoms of depression that he had been prone to earlier too, and he felt that his entire life had been a sheer waste. Although it was Winston Churchill who headed the country towards a victory in the war, the British Empire had in fact almost disappeared at this time, and almost half of Europe had come under the Communist regime. Churchill also feared that Socialism was threatening the England that he had loved with all his might, all his life. However, this able and wonderful leader had reached the fag end of his life, and he was tired and almost ready to give up his life. At the time, he engaged in bitter quarrels with all his children, Randolph, Mary, Diana and Sarah. He seemed to be waiting for death, and he would often remark to his daughter who would sit with him, â€Å"My life is ended, but it is not yet over†. (Hamilton, 2006) He still remained, however, a popular figure, especially within the United States of America, until in 1963, the Congress happened to vote to make him one of the first ‘honorary citizens’ of America, and life continued in the same vein. On his ninetieth birthday, Churchill was surrounded by his family: his wife, children and grandchildren. Well wishers had gathered outside his window, and a frail and weak Churchill struggled to get to the window to make his famous ‘V’ for Victory sign. Cheered by the crowds, Churchill was very happy indeed. That same evening, he suffered a stroke, and went into a coma. Two weeks later, Winston Churchill, the great leader, able administrator and excellent orator and politician, who had overcome many a handicap so that he could serve his country and his people better, breathed his last on January 24, 1965, which coincidentally, also happened to be the seventieth anniversary of his father’s death. He will always be remembered as the man, who led his country in the Second World War, and who ousted Hitler, thereby saving democracy for his country, and for the world. (Hamilton, 2006)